Assessment of Antidiabetic and Liver Protective effect of

“Sankat Mochan Drops”: A Polyherbal Marketed Formulation

Malti Sao¹*, Khomendra Kumar Sarwa², Amrendra Pratap Yadav¹, Seema Tandon³, Moham Lal Kori¹

¹Vedica College of Pharmacy, Bhopal, RKDF University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

²Department of Pharmacy, Government Girls Polytechnic, Raipur, India

³RKDF University, Bhopal Madhya Pradesh, India

*Corresponding Author E-mail: mohanlalkori@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Sankat Mochan is polyherbal ayurvedic medicine available in Indian market since 1900. Manufacturer claimed its effectiveness in cough, colic-pain, diarrhoea and cholera etc. This medicine is available throughout Chhattisgarh including both urban and rural areas. The present investigation evaluated the antidiabetic and liver protective activity of an ayurvedic medicine Sankat Mochan. Materials and Method: Two test concentrations 250 and 500 mg/kg of medicine were assessed its effectiveness as antdiabetic and liver protective action in experimental rat. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) was used as a reference drug. Result and Conclusion: The result showed that the Sankat Mochan possesses potent antidiabetic and liverprotective activity more potent than that of reference drug. Thus study confirming its effectiveness as antidiabetic and liver protective agent.

KEYWORDS: Antidiabetic, Insulin, Sankat Mochan, hyperliidemic, liver protective

INTRODUCTION:

Sankat Mochan is an ayurvedic multi herbal formulation marketed in the Chhattisgarh. Sankat Mochan is considered as an over-the-counter medicine and easily available in pharmacy and provision stores also. The Chhattisgarhi peoples consider it is supplementary medicine which is better for various organs and potentiates^[1] On another importance fact that the manufacturer claim its therapeutic application for treating colic pain, indignation, gas and other stomach problems but beside this persons are using it as hypoglycaemic agent as adjuvant therapy for treating diabetics mellitus. In the present investigation we explore the additional pharmacological activity of this Ayurveda preparation. Sankat Mochan will examine for its usefulness as anti-diabetic agent on animal model.

At present, no data and information are reported, so this study explore it’s another therapeutic application and provide a scientific evidence for its use.

Treatment of Diabetes mellitus without any adverse effects is still the biggest question to medical practitioner. According to world ethanobotanical 800 medicinal plants are used for the prevention of diabetes mellitus. Clinically proven that only 450 medicinal plants possess anti diabetic properties from which 109 medicinal plants have complete mode of action. In ancient time doctor and lay person used traditional medicinal plants with their active constituents and properties for the treatment of various diseases such as heart diseases, cancer and diabetes.^[2]

Figure 1: Sankat Mochan Marketed Formulation

Diabetes is a group of diseases in which the body doesn’t produce enough or any insulin, doesn’t properly use the insulin that is produced, or exhibits a combination of both. When any of these things happens, the body is unable to get sugar from the blood into the cells. That leads to high blood sugar levels. Glucose, the form of sugar found in your blood, is one of your main energy sources. A lack of insulin or resistance to insulin causes sugar to build up in your blood^[3] This can lead to many health problems. This will be probably controlled by active ingredient of Sankat Mochan. The three main types of diabetes are Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, and Gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is believed to be an autoimmune condition. This means your immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the beta cells in your pancreas that produce insulin. The damage is permanent. There may be both genetic and environmental reasons. Type 2 diabetes starts as insulin resistance. This means body can’t use insulin efficiently. That stimulates your pancreas to produce more insulin until it can no longer keep up with demand. Insulin production decreases, which leads to high blood sugar. The exact cause of Type 2 diabetes is unknown. Contributing factors may include: genetics, lack of exercise, being overweight. There may also be other health factors and environmental reasons. Gestational diabetes is a third type which is insulin-blocking hormones produced during pregnancy. This type of diabetes only occurs during pregnancy^[4]

Sankat Mochan is a liquid drop formulation, dark brown in colour having a characteristic odour. It is dispensed in an amber colour narrow mouth bottle. The product is available in 10ml pack. The image of marketed Sankat Mochan formulation is presented in Figure 1. Five milliliter of liquid Sankat Mochan formulation contains camphor 150mg, ajwain 75mg, peppermint 37.5mg, clove oil 0.075ml, dalchini 0.020ml, fennel oil 0.020ml, and eucalyptus oil 0.100ml. Sankat Mochan is more than 110 year old product made by L. P. Nagar and Co. Mathura U.P. India a GMP certified company^[1]

The brief information about individual ingredients is give here: Kapoor is a Hindi name of the Camphor which is a waxy, flammable, transparent solid with a strong aroma. It is found in the wood of the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), a large evergreen tree found in Asia (particularly in Sumatra and Borneo islands, Indonesia). It is belonging to terpenoid chemical class. It also occurs in some other related trees in the laurel family, notably Ocotea usambarensis. Sat Ajwanyan (Trachyspermum ammi) also known as ajowan caraway. It is an annual herb belonging to the family Apiaceae. Peppermint (Mentha) is a hybrid mint, a cross between watermint and spearmint.This plant is Indigenous to Europe but also available in the Middle East and now widely spread and cultivated in throughout the many regions of the world. Clove (Syzygiumaromaticum) is the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae. They are native to the Maluku Islands (or Moluccas) in Indonesia. Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a flowering plant species in the Umbelliferae family. It has a beautiful yellow flower and feathery leaves. It is hardy, perennial herb. It is a highly aromatic and flavourful herb used in the cookery. Dalchini (Cinnamon) is obtained from genus Cinnamomum, in India used as a spice obtained from the inner bark of tree. Cinnamon is used as flavouring and aromatic additive. Beside this having medicinal properties like anti-inflammatory properties etc.^[5] The aroma and flavour of cinnamon derive from its essential oil and principle component, cinnamaldehyde, as well as numerous other constituents, including eugenol. Eucalyptus oil: Eucalyptus oil is a steam distilled oil obtained from leaves of selected Eucalyptus species. It has a wide application, as a pharmaceutical, insect repellent, flavouring, fragrance and industrial uses. The genus of the plant is belonging to the family Myrtaceae. This plant is a native to Australia but now cultivated worldwide.

Sankat Mochan is very well known ayurvedic multi herbal formulation used in rural belt of Uttarpradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh as adjuncts therapy for cure of diabetes and potentiation of liver. The ingredient of the formulation is mostly belonging to aromatic class so effectiveness is probably due to the additive or synergistic effect of the ingredients. The present investigation is trying to checking the proposed hypothesis in experimental rats.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Collection of Sankat Mochan formulation and Characterization:

Sankat Mochan an ayurvedic multi herbal medicine formulation manufactured by L.P. Nagar and Co., 1/2390, L.P. Nagar Road, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India, was purchased from a retail drug store. Manufacturing company GMP certified company. Their Mfd Lic No A-4081/08, Batch No. J-18, Mfd Date June 2018. Self-life of product is 36 months and their Price is 32/- rupees. Formulation is presented in amber color 10 ml glass bottle with aluminium screw closure. The product was characterized for organoleptic characteristics.

Selection and acclimatization of animals:

Wistar strains of albino rats will be taken for the experimental study. Their weight about 180-220 gm. Commercial pellets and access to water ad libitum. Temperature (22°C±5°C) and humidity (55±5%) and 12 hr light dark cycles were maintained in animal house.

Acute Toxicity Study:

Acute toxicity of the Sankat Mochan was determined by using fasting Wistar albino rats (200-250 gm) by method reported Ashraf et al. 2014. The acute toxicity study was performed according to OECD guidelines No. 423 given for Acute Toxic Class.^[6] Sankat Mochan is marketed for human use since long time (about 100 years) so in the present study we started test from dose of 250mg/kg upto 5000mg/kg in Albino rats of either sex. Animal were segregated into 6 groups of 6 animals each. The amount of Sankat Mochan was administered as single dose 250mg/kg, 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg, 2000mg/kg, 4000mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg in respective group. The drug treated animals were observed carefully for toxicity signs and mortality. LD₅₀ doses were selected for the evaluation of antihyperglycemic activity. All the animals were also observed for further a period of 14 days for any adverse event.

Anti-Diabetic Activity:

Induction of diabetes in rats:

Adult Wistar rats weighting 200-250gm were used for inducing diabetes. The overnight fasting animals were injected by streptozotocin (STZ) in 0.01M citrate buffer, pH 4.5 at the dose of 60 mg/kg of the body weight intravenously^[7] Streptozotocin induced diabetes within 3 days by destroying the beta cells^[8] Diabetic animals and non-diabetic animals were kept in separate metabolic cages individually and separately under feeding and metabolic control. The diabetic state was assessed in STZ treated rats by measuring the nonfasting plasma glucose concentration after 48h using glucometer. Before starting the treatment by reference and test drug, only rats with plasma glucose level greater than 250 mg/dl were taken in the study. Food and water consumption, urine volume were measured on daily basis during study period. The animals were grouped as per given information

Group-I (Normal control-G1): Consist of normal rats given with 10ml/Kg of normal saline, orally.

Group-II (STZ-G2) Contains diabetic control received 60 mg/Kg of streptozotocin monohydrate through intraperitoneal injection once time in study.

Group-III (Reference Drug G3) have diabetic control received Glibenclamide at a dose of (5mg/Kg orally) for 22 days.

Group-IV (Sankat Mochan G4) contains diabetic control received Sankat Mochan at a dose of (250mg/Kg orally) for 22 days.

Group-V (Sankat Mochan G5) consist of diabetic control received Sankat Mochan at a dose of (500mg/Kg orally) for 22 days.

Blood collection:

Blood will be drawn from the tail by tail vein puncture during the experimental period^[9]

Blood glucose estimation:

Blood glucose will be estimated by commercially available glucose kit. Blood samples will be collected by tail vein puncture at weekly intervals for a period of 22 days. Fasting blood glucose was measured by glucose oxidase-peroxidase (GOD-POD) method in mg/dl using a digital glucometer (Braun Omnitest R EZ, Germany).^[10]The blood sample will be loaded into test strip and inserted into Blood Glucose Meter. The blood glucose level appears on the display, along with the unit of measure, and the date and time of the test and noted the all the value related to blood glucose. In diabetics glucose metabolism impaired which directly affect the body weight and liver weight of the treated animals. To study the effect of drug, the food and water intake was monitored daily for every animal, and the periodical body weight of the individual animals was also measured during experimental period. At the end of experiment liver weight was also determined.

Hyperlipidemic and liver protective:

For the assessment of hyperlipidemic effect and liver protective properties of Sankat Mochan serum was collected at the end of the experimental period. For this determination overnight fasted animals were sacrificed by cervical decapitation under light chloroform anesthesia. Blood sample was collected and serum separated by using centrifuge (3000rpm for 10min). The various biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol (TC), high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) cholesterol and triglycerides levels of collected serum were determined using the diagnostic kits (Pars Azmun, Tehran, Iran). The liver marker enzymes, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT) aspartate aminotransferase (AST),^[11] alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)^[12,13] were also estimated. Liver and pancreas were excised from the animals, washed in icecold saline, and dried gently by using filter paper. The weight of the liver was taken. Liver glycogen level was estimated by method reported.^[14] Creatinine and urea rates were measured in samples by standardized enzymatic procedures using commercial kits from (Biolabo, Maizy, France) on an automatic biochemistry analyzer (Vitalab Flexor E, Diamond Diagnostics, Holliston, MA).

Ethical Approval:

All animal experiments were carried out according to the ethical guidelines for animal care and Guidelines of the Animal Investigation Committee of “Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Pharmacy Kumhari”. Collected animals were screen out on the basis of anatomical similarity before starting of experiments. Animals were housed in a special fabricated wooden box and feed with the standard diet.

RESULT:

Physical Characterization of Sankat Mochan:

Sankat Mochan is liquid preparations intended for oral use and is usually brown coloured. It has a characteristics aromatic odour and bitter taste.

Effect of Sankat Mochan in normal rat:

The hypoglycemic effect of the Sankat Mochan in normal rats was also assessed. The onset of hypoglycemic activity of was evident between the 60 and 90min after the administration of the drug. It was observed that the Sankat Mochan was safe up to the dose of 5000mg/kg body weight. No sever toxicity was observed and recorded after administration of different dose levels of Sankat Mochan up to a maximum of 5000 mg/kg oral. At higher dose symptoms like dyspnea, laziness were recorded in animal so according to OECD guideline 423. The 1/20 and 1/10 of dose is considered as safe and therapeutic dose respectively. In this experiment, the therapeutic dose level Sankat Mochan was fixed as 250mg/kg and it’s twice dose 500 mg/ kg was also considered for comparing the effectiveness of the maximum therapeutic dose.

Effect of Sankat Mochan on STZ-induced diabetic rats:

Table 1 shows the changes in blood glucose level in normal, diabetic and treatment group both with glibenclamide and Sankat Mochan. The blood glucose level was significantly increased (p˂0.001) in diabetic control rats (Group II) in comparison with normal control rats (Group I). There was a significant reduction of blood glucose level in Group IV and Group V diabetic rats which received Sankat Mochan (250mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight) as compared (P < 0.001) with STZ induced untreated diabetic Group II rats. Blood glucose level in rats that orally received Sankat Mochan (250 mg/kg) significantly reduced (p˂0.001) compared to diabetic control (Group II). The Sankat Mochan 250 mg decreased blood glucose level from 426.00 ± 2.32 to 101.13±4.33mg/kg. In the present investigation it was observed that Sankat Mochan was able to reduce the blood glucose level from the day 1 of its administration indicating the strong hypoglycemic tendency of the phytoconstituents present in formulation. A sustained and significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the blood glucose level was observed throughout the experimental period in the rats treated with Sankat Mochan. Significant hypoglycemic activity (P < 0.001) was observed in the Group IV animals, which received 250 mg/kg when compared to 500 mg/kg dose level. The blood glucose lowering potential of the test drugs is comparable to that of standard drug glibenclamide (Group III), which was used as a positive control in the present study.

Table 1: Effect of Sankat Mochan on the Fasting Blood Sugar level of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Group	Treatment	Mean fasting blood glocuse levels ± SE
Group	Treatment	Pre-diabetic	Day 1	Day 8	Day 15	Day 22
*Group-I* (Normal control-G1)	Normal saline (10 mL/kg)	79.25 ± 3.86	78.50 ± 3.39	70.00 ± 4.73	75.00 ± 3.27	80.75 ± 2.02
Group-II (STZ-G2)	Diabetic control (60 mg/kg)	83.25 ± 3.17	401.50 ± 2.08#	414.50 ± 3.49#	422.00 ± 3.16#	426.75 ± 2.32#
Group-III (Reference Drug G3)	Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg)	80.16 ± 3.49	143.33 ± 2.33	131.16 ± 2.72	127.83 ± 3.83	119.83 ± 2.68***
Group-IV (Sankat Mochan G4)	Sankat Mochan (250 mg/kg)	81.00 ± 3.24	139.00 ± 3.31	127.06 ± 3.09	118.16 ± 5.47***a	101.13 ± 4.33***a
Group-V (Sankat Mochan G5)	Sankat Mochan (500 mg/kg)	79.30 ± 3.21	129.75 ± 2.36	120.36 ± 3.19	110.38 ± 2.07***a	91.13 ± 3.22***a

Data are mean ± SEM, n=24. One-way ANOVA+Tukey test against diabetic rats #P<0.0001 Diabetic control rats were compared with normal control rats.*P < 0.05, **P < 0.001 and ***P < 0.0001 Diabetic treated rats were compared with diabetic control rats. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP<0.01 and ^cP<0.0001 Diabetic treated rats with MSLA were compared with Diabetic treated rats with glinenclamide on corresponding day.

Effect of treatment on body weight and liver weight in diabetic rats:

The body weight of animal was changed during study periods. Effect of treatment was reported in Table 2. It was observed that the body weight is decreased in diabetic group of animal. The body weight in the STZ induced Group II diabetic animals gradually decreased when compared (P< 0.05) to the normal rats. Weight loss is probably due to the impaired glucose metabolism. However, the drug treated Group III; Group IV and Group V animals maintained the body weight, which indicates the drug treatment has improved the carbohydrate metabolism. In the present investigation, record the increment in the weight of liver in STZ diabetic control group. Which is a significant (P < 0.01) reduction was shown in the both Sankat Mochan treated group and Glibenclamide treated group compared to that of streptozocin toxin induced diabetic untreated (Group II) that confirms probability of liver protective effect of Sankat Mochan.

Table 2: Effect of Sankat Mochan on body weight and liver weight changes in different groups of experimental rats

Group	Treatment	Body weight				Liver weight (mg/bw.gm)
Group	Treatment	1 Day	8 Day	22 Day	29	Liver weight (mg/bw.gm)
*Group-I* (Normal control-G1)	Normal saline (10 ml/kg)	232.0±6.2	240.0±7.8	260.0±6.1	273.0±9.5	40.32± 0.8
Group-II (STZ-G2)	Diabetic control (60 mg/kg)	230±10.2	229±11.2	210±11.3a*	190±10.5a**	45.32± 0.17*
Group-III (Reference Drug G3)	Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg)	225±4.0	226±6.2	235±7.4	235±8.3	31.32± 0.42
Group-IV (Sankat Mochan G4)	Sankat Mochan (250 mg/kg)	230±7.9	232±11.2	241±8.8b*	242±13.2b*	42.54± 0.41**
Group-V (Sankat Mochan G5)	Sankat Mochan (500 mg/kg)	225±9.1	223±9.2	235±13.2	236±10.1	41.92± 2.1***

*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. Values are mean±SEM from 6 animals in each group. Statistical significant test for comparison was done by ANOVA, followed by posthoc Dunnet’s t test. Comparison between: ^aGroup I versus Group II, ^bGroup II versus Group III, ^cGroup II versus Group IV, ^dGroup I versus Group V. NS: Nonsignificant, SEM: Standard error of mean, STZ: Steptozotocin

Effect of Sankat Mochan on lipid profile of experimental animal:

The results of lipid profile in control and experimental rats treated with reference drug and Sankat Mochan has been shown in Table 3. The level of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol VLDL-cholesterol and triglyceride in STZ-induced diabetic control rats was significantly (p˂0.0001) higher than the normal control. The level of HDL-cholesterol was reduced in diabetic control rats in comparison to normal control. A significant change has recorded in all the lipid parameters in treatment group by both Sankat Mochan as well as reference drug. The level was returning to normal level in Sankat Mochan treated Group. Oral administration of Sankat Mochan (250 mg/kg) developed significant (p˂0.0001) reduction of total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol and VLDL- Cholesterol levels in treated diabetic rats as compared to diabetic control rats. The response of Sankat Mochan (500mg/kg) was significant at level (p˂0.005) when comparable to the result of the standard drug glibenclamide. There was no significant effect was measured in between different dose of Sankat Mochan.

Table 3: Effect of Sankat Mochan on serum lipid profile in different groups of experimental rats

Treatment	Parameters (mg/dl)
Treatment	TC	HDL‑C	LDL‑C	VLDL‑C	TG
*Group-I* (Normal control-G1)	120.31±2.33	54.21±3.5	52.25±5.5	16.34±1.9	85.2±3.11
Group-II (STZ-G2)	190.20±3.51a**	29.11±1.47a**	110.75±4.35a** x	45.61±3.6a**	121.4±4.40a**
Group-III (Reference Drug G3)	125.55±3.8b**	48.63±3.97b*	71.45±3.47b**	14.4±2.67b**	68.0±2.14b**
Group-IV (Sankat Mochan G4)	127.51±5.5c**	42.21±3.07c*	65.31±3.46c**	13.48±3.23c**	75.0±5.10c**
Group-V (Sankat Mochan G5)	114.31±3.3	53.67±2.41	52.43±4.81	15.70±1.25	82.2±2.39

*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. Values are mean±SEM from 6 animals in each group. Statistical significant test for comparison was done by ANOVA, followed by post‑hoc Dunnet’s t‑test. Comparison between: a‑Group I versus Group II, b‑Group II versus Group III, c‑Group II versus Group IV, d‑Group I versus Group V. NS: Nonsignificant, SEM: Standard error of mean, STZ: Steptozotocin

Effect of Sankat Mochan on marker enzymes and liver glycogen:

The effect of treatment of Sankat Mochan and Reference in serum levels of the liver marker enzymes like AST, ALT, ALP and LDH is reported in Table 4. In STZ untreated group, a significant increase in the serum transaminases AST and ALT levels was recorded. The levels of these enzymes were brought back to near normal levels both reference drug and Sankat Mochan treated groups Group III and Group IV animals (P < 0.01). Similar result was recorded for elevated ALP and LDH enzyme levels in diabetic induced Group II that was significantly decreased in the both drug treated group (Group III, IV and V, P < 0.01, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The results confirming that the Drug treatment reverted the increased levels of these enzymes to near normalcy (P < 0.001) which was comparable to that of a standard drug glibenclamide used in the present study. A drastic decrement of the glycogen level was recorded in the animals that received STZ alone compared to normal control animals (P < 0.001). Administration Sankat Mochan (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight) restored the level of liver glycogen significantly and the values were close to the normal values.

Table 4: Effect of Sankat Mochan on marker enzymes and liver glycogen in different groups of experimental rats

Treatment	Parameters (mg/dl)
Treatment	AST (U/L)	ALT (U/L)	LDH (U/L)	ALP (IU/L)	Liver glycogen (mg/g wet tissue
*Group-I* (Normal control-G1)	35.62±3.13	34.45±3.9	149±5.3	74.54±3.4	57.43±3.11
Group-II (STZ-G2)	117.23±3.94a**	129.11±1.67a**	310.75±4.85a**	169.63±9.6a**	21.43±2.406**
Group-III (Reference Drug G3)	78.31±3.80	81.34±4.73	251.45±8.47	121.14±10.67	42.0±4.14
Group-IV (Sankat Mochan G4)	75.68±3.25b**	82.21±3.07b**	211.31±12.46b**	92.48±10.23b**	34.06±5.10c**
Group-V (Sankat Mochan G5)	74.31±2.39c**	83.62±6.42c**	202.43±4.81c**	85.70±1.25c**	29.2±2.49c**

*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. Values are mean±SEM from 6 animals in each group. Statistical significant test for comparison was done by ANOVA, followed by post‑hoc Dunnet’s t test. Comparison between: ^aGroup I versus Group II, ^bGroup II versus Group III, ^cGroup II versus Group IV, ^dGroup I versus Group V. NS: Non significant, SEM: Standard error of mean, STZ: Steptozotocin

DISCUSSION:

The present investigation shows that Sankat Mochan has a potent antidiabetic and liverprotective activity. At different concentrations (250mg/kg and 500mg/kg), it showed Antidiabetic activity of Sankat Mochan is due to the presence of certain active substances such as camphor (Cinnamomum camphora), ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), clove oil (Eugenia caryophyllus), dalchini (Cinnamomum zylanicum), fennel oil (Foeniculum vulgare), eucalyptus oil (Eucalyptus globulus), peppermint (Mentha arvensis). E. caryophyllus has been used in Ayurveda and Western herbal medicine as a carminative and aromatic. Bark and leaves of C.zylanicum are used as carminative and antimicrobial. Leaves of E.globulus are used as antiseptic and antimicrobial. F.vulgare is used as carminative, antimicrobial, and expectorant. Fennel is a gentle home remedy useful for many stomachs and intestinal discomforts and gastrointestinal spasms. M. arvensis is used as carminative, flavoring agent, antiseptic, and as an analgesic. It is also reported as refrigerant, helpful on a toothache, and able to kill intestinal worms.^[15] Leaves and seeds of T. ammi are used for stomach diseases, common cold, migraine, rheumatism, mouth ulcer, and ear ache.^[16] E. globulus is an essential oil, used for respiratory problem such as asthma, bronchitis and tuberculosis. It relieves congestion and improves breathing in asthma and cold. The essential oil of Eucalyptus contains cineole, a potent antiseptic that helps in killing the bacteria and fungi.^[17] It has also been reported to exhibit cholinergic activity, may help in the expulsion of intestinal parasites by increasing peristaltic movement in gut.^[18] M. arvensis, C. zylanicum, E. caryophyllus, and E. globulus all are source of terpenoids, and terpenoids are well established drugs use as antiseptic, anthelmintic, hyperlipidemic and this pharmacological activity of terpenoids may contribute to the antidiabetic activity of Sankat Mochan.^[19]. Antidiabetic medicines derived from plant sources have lesser side effects and offered cost effective management of diabetes through nutrient supplementation. The active chemical constituents of Sankat Mochan is responsible for this antidiabetic and liver protective action. Sankat Mochan consist of Kapoor, Ajwain, Clove, Peppermint, Dalchini, Fennel were widely used for the treatment of diabetes. Moreover, since last decades some of the active molecules isolated from hypoglycaemic plants showed anti-diabetic activity with more effective than conventional drugs. The overall the may assumed probably due combination effect ingredient. The study confirmed the therapeutic application of Sankat Mochan as adjuvant therapy in diabetics patients

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Received on 07.07.2019 Modified on 27.09.2019

Res. J. Pharma. Dosage Forms and Tech.2019; 11(4):257-263.

DOI: 10.5958/0975-4377.2019.00043.0